With the development of building technologies, the style of buildings becomes more and more complex: arches, high spiers, and domes appear. Minarets, pagodas. Church spiers are getting taller, their shape more refined. Onion-shaped minarets were typical of Muslim architecture. At that time, throughout Western Europe, they began to intensively build castles, and subsequently, not only castles, but also settlements, and sometimes the whole city, were surrounded by fortress walls. The Normans were considered outstanding masters of such construction; the Japanese and the Maya also achieved considerable success.

Конечно, использование заброшенных промышленных объектов в коммерческих целях — не новинка, но такое переосмысление пространства бывшей каменоломни может стать толчком для строительства подобных построек не только в Китае. A few years ago, on the site of an abandoned quarry formed as a result of stone mining, a unique Intercontinental Shanghai Wonderland hotel was opened. The hotel is located in the Songjiang district, just fifty kilometers from the center of Shanghai.

History of construction development (История развития строительства)

After the conquest of distant Siberia by the Russian Empire, Russian settlers gradually captured the boundless expanses of Siberia. Peasant cheap traditional-style houses were built from logs and often decorated with local wood designs. The same method was used by American settlers moving west when building wooden dwellings. Traditional designs using local materials continued to be popular in many parts of the world. When building the world's first cast-iron bridge (in 1779 across the River Severn in England), the builders used the same technology as when building wooden houses, because they did not know all the properties of cast iron. XIX Art. ushered in an era of technical progress in construction. Already at the beginning of this century, metals began to be actively used in construction: cast iron, wrought iron, then steel.

Яркий пример стиля барокко – дом знаменитой Дрезденской картинной галереи – Цвингер (или Цитадель), построенный архитектором Поппельманом. Первоначально дом был задуман как часть большого ансамбля для праздников под открытым небом. Многие города были перестроены в этом великом стиле. Европа в 1600-1700 гг. стала средоточием перемен. Архитектор Кристофер Рен перестроил Лондон после большого пожара. В Версале, возле Парижа, для Людовика XVI был построен королевский город в стиле барокко. Новая столица России Санкт-Петербург была спроектирована и застроена Европейскими архитекторами – возводились новые дворцы, правительственные постройки и академии.

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