Interesting construction facts (Интересные факты строительства)
The building of the Parthenon is a creation of the republic, and the Colosseum is a violation of the slave-owning military empire. The Parthenon in Athens, completed in 432 BC, was the largest of all Greek temples. Advanced stone cladding and a complex scaffolding system were used, which made it possible to erect such a large building.
The Greeks were skilled builders. Studying in Latin helped them to design proportional structures that were in perfect harmony with the environment. 300 years before R.Kh. in urban planning, the placement of streets was already carried out behind grids. The urban planners of Central America also built cities
according to plan. In places where cities arose on the site of historical settlements, forts, ports and crossroads, they did not have such a strict layout.
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В этот период архитектура утратила прежний строгий характер, она приобрела черты торжественной монументальности, парадного великолепия и помпезности. Архитектура должна была прославлять идеи государственного могущества и военной силы. Начало капитализма открыло эру технического прогресса в строительстве. Начали широко использоваться металлы, стекла, металлические каркасы, пространственные конструкции. Смонтированная в центре Парижа по проекту А. Эйфеля из стальных элементов башня стала символом столицы Франции.
History of construction development (История развития строительства)
At the same time, large engineering structures were built. The construction of the large Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco (California, USA) was completed in 1937. The length of the main span was 1737 m, and the two towers rose 227 m above sea level.
In the XX century. the leader of the new architecture is the French architect Le Corbusier in the 30s of the twentieth century. put forward five principles of modern style: pillars under the building instead of the first floor; flat roof - it is used as a recreational area (garden, solarium, sports ground, cafe); free planning (use of frame systems); free design of the facade; elongated window (tape achievement). These principles were not new, but, combined into a whole system, they became a program for the building architecture of the twentieth century.
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