At the end of the nineteenth century. a new type of construction has emerged, based on the use of steel for the construction of the "skeleton" or frame of the building. Steel frame skyscrapers were first built in the United States of America after the invention of the elevator in 1852 by Elisha Otis (1811-1861). In 1884, William Le Baron Jenney (1832–1907) built the first skyscraper in Chicago. The nine-story building could hardly be called a skyscraper today, and its steel body testified to the birth of a new trend in construction.

печи бани сайт Оптимальным вариантом являются печи для бани, работающие на дровах. Так же обращаем Ваше внимание на наши отопительные печи и водогрейные котлы. Они представлены в большом ассортименте, в отдельных разделах сайта.

The building of the Parthenon is a creation of the republic, and the Colosseum is a violation of the slave-owning military empire. The Parthenon in Athens, completed in 432 BC, was the largest of all Greek temples. Advanced stone cladding and a complex scaffolding system were used, which made it possible to erect such a large building. The Greeks were skilled builders. Studying in Latin helped them to design proportional structures that were in perfect harmony with the environment. 300 years before R.Kh. in urban planning, the placement of streets was already carried out behind grids. The urban planners of Central America also built cities according to plan. In places where cities arose on the site of historical settlements, forts, ports and crossroads, they did not have such a strict layout.

History of construction development (История развития строительства)

Около 2000 лет до Р. Х. китайцы строили дома из деревянных столбов, накрывая их соломенной кровлей. В Скара-Брей на Оркнейских островах, у побережья Шотландии обнаружено поселение из каменных домов, в середине которых были каменные ниши для утвари, столы и нары. Поселение было погребено под слоем песка 4500 лет назад во время урагана. Сооружения Древней Греции поражают благородной красотой и величием. Человек, глядя на Парфенон чувствует себя выше ростом и шире в плечах, размеры здания не подавляли, не унижали его. Секрет гармонии линий и формы храма Парфенона основан на таком и точном понимании законов оптики и здорового восприятия.

In the XX century. the leader of the new architecture is the French architect Le Corbusier in the 30s of the twentieth century. put forward five principles of modern style: pillars under the building instead of the first floor; flat roof - it is used as a recreational area (garden, solarium, sports ground, cafe); free planning (use of frame systems); free design of the facade; elongated window (tape achievement). These principles were not new, but, combined into a whole system, they became a program for the building architecture of the twentieth century.

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